6-Clipping (shortening): a shorter from of a word of more than one syllable is called a clipping. For example: flu (influenza) – gas (gasoline) – ad (advertisement) – lab (laboratory)-cab (cabriolet)
7-Convertion: a change in the function of a word is called conversion. for example: I spring (1) like a spring (2) on a spring(3) in spring (4)
(1)-verb. i.e. jump
(2)-noun. i.e.
(3)-noun. i.e.
(4)-noun. i.e.
*یک لغت در نقش های مختلف ظاهر می شود.
*برای ترجمه لغات در ابتدا باید نقش کلمه را مشخص کنیم.
8-Acronyms: words formed from the initial letter of other words are called acronyms. For example :( CD: Compact Disk) – (DVD: Digital Video
Disk) – (VCR: Video Cassette Recorder) – (B.C.: before Christ) – (ATM: Automatic Teller Machine) – (PIN: Personal Identification Number) – WAR Woman against Rape)
9- Derivation: -prefix (word beginning) & - suffix (word ending)
The formation of new words by adding "affixes" to other words or morphemes is known as derivation.
Prefix: a morpheme added to the beginning of a word like "co" in the word cooperation.
Suffix: a morpheme at the end of a word to form a derivative, like "- ation" in the word "examination"
For example: success (n) – succeed (v) – successful (adj) - successfully (adv)
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